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Abstract
Today, in the era of the domination of the virtual world over the real world, with the expansion of the Internet and social networks, social communication and subsequent elements of individual identity has undergone extensive quantitative and qualitative changes. Women, as the majority of social media users, are more exposed to threats and psychological harm than ever due to their physical and psychological characteristics. One of the types of harms that can be explained in the context of the knowledge of social psychology is "self-objectification".
     The present study is applied in terms of purpose, and descriptive-survey in terms of implementation. The statistical population of the study is 271 high school girls in Kashan. By distributing a standard questionnaire with closed-ended questions, the necessary information was collected. In the process of objectification, women under the influence of media advertisements, draw ideals for themselves and in the same direction, they constantly evaluate and review themselves, and if they see their appearance closer to current patterns at the media, they gain self-confidence; otherwise, they become involved in physical shame. As a result, their self-confidence appears to be conditioned by the fact that it puts their mental health at risk, and this type of risky behavior based on criminological theories such as the lifestyle theory of Gottfredson and Hindelang is likely Increases victimization; Because the more recreational activities and leisure a person has, and the more she interacts with criminals or in criminal or dangerous environments, the more likely she is to become a victim.
 
Key words: Women Victimization, Social Networks, Self- objectification, Social Prevention

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Abstract The insurance industry of Iran has a low level of maturity in utilizing the capabilities of Internet for improving its business processes, especially when it comes to effective interaction with customers. On the other hand, Web 2.0 as one of most modern approaches in electronic business, incorporating tools such as weblogs, wikis, online social networks, mashups and R.S.S, creates a great opportunity for insurance companies to deepen their communications with their customers, gain extensive feedback and harness collective intelligence. Accordingly, the goal of this research is to design a conceptual model for the effective adoption of Web 2.0 in insurance industry by identifying the relevant components in this context. In order to do this, after designing the model, by distributing a questionnaire, we ask the opinions of academic experts about the validity and importance of the components of the model. Consequently, the gathered data are analyzed by the Binomial test and then, using TOPSIS technique, the components are ranked in terms of importance. According to the results, reaching for a huge volume of information is the most important driver for Web 2.0 adoption and gaining immediate feedback for the stakeholders is the most important capability of Web 2.0 in the insurance industry.    Keywords: Web 2.0, Insurance Industry, Electronic Insurance, Social Networks, Collective Intelligence.

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  Leadership is one of the most important concepts in management literature. Organizations cannot achieve their predetermined goals without an efficient leadership. This study tries to identify the most effective factors on leadership intention and demonstrate them as a conceptual model. Leadership intention means persons’ scheduling for self-individuals future and whether he or she is willing to be responsible for leaderships roles. The conceptual model of this study is created according to subject literature. Questionnaires distributed among management students of Tehran universities using convenience sampling and 845 were collected. Data analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results showed that fame-seeking, social networks, leadership motivation and person’s leadership efficiency have positive and significant Influence on his/her leadership intent. Dream, risk taking, independence, confidence, curiosity and emotional intelligence were among other variables that their effects on leadership intent was not confirmed.        
 

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Abstract This article investigates the impact of social network size on business performance based on GEM (Global Entrepreneurship Monitor) data of Iran, Croatia and Denmark in 2008-2010. A sample of 1801 owner-managers participated in the GEM interviews is used. Social network of an entrepreneur is made up of private, job, experience, professional and market networks. Exploratory factor analysis shows that the experience network and private network have the highest and lowest factor loadings respectively (0.9 and 0.37). Similarly, in factor analysis of performance as a latent variable the highest factor loading is for export (0.33) and the lowest is for growth expectation (0.05). The results show that Danish entrepreneurs establish their business mostly to exploit opportunities (75%) rather than having no better job option. Most of them also have role models (more than 70%). In these regards Denmark has higher rank than Iran and Croatia. On average the entrepreneurs’ social network size in Iran is 2.9 while in two other countries, it is 6. The size of private network is higher than size of other networks in Iran (1.61). The result of structural equation modelling shows that business performance (innovation, export and growth expectation) is affected significantly by social network size (74%) and this effect is moderated by role model (0.07%) and opportunity motivation (7.2%). Keywords: Social Networks, Business Performance, Opportunity Motivation, Role Model.

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After the industrial economy span that caused many changes in the human life and the human systems, now we are facing a new era in the electronic revolution. One of the symbols of this electronic revolution is Mobile Commerce. Nowadays, this new style of trading has been used in many parts of the globe especially, in the developing countries. Now the fundamental question is how to design and explain the business development model. To solve this issue, the present exploratory study has been conducted, with the scoring and weighting the extracted factors and making items for them, by the Delphi panel of experts (during four rounds), the researcher found three dimensions (technological, social and personality) and twelve new variables. These variables formed the conceptual model of Mobile Commerce. The conceptual model has been examined in the Iranian Virtual Society with designed questionnaire and using AMOS software. The collected data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling. For this purpose, initially the structural relationships have been tested by using Confirmatory Factor Analysis, then with a Path Analysis approach the hypotheses have been examined. At the end this research, with the future studies approach and adding the time dimension to the three dimensions, makes the model more dynamic.

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The performance of a pluralistic extension and advisory system is strongly influenced by the presence of multidisciplinary professional actors and their executive interactions for synergistic achievements in a balanced institutional framework. The specific purpose of this study was to explore the institutional boundary of Iranian pluralistic extension system and the extent to which the multiple providers interact with each other in implementation of related programs. A sequential mixed methods research was developed. Qualitative data were collected via semi-structured interviews, and were analyzed by theme analysis. Quantitative data were gathered using a researcher-made questionnaire and were analyzed by social network analysis. According to the qualitative findings, multiple service providers were classified into 21 distinctive institutional categories. Also, findings showed that the current executive network was not satisfactory in terms of institutional coherence, such that a few dominant providers were very influential in the center, while most of the others had little linkages and thus power at the margin of the extension network. Such a highly centralized network is unsustainable and vulnerable from different viewpoints and cannot fulfill the tasks expected from extension system in Iranian heterogeneous agriculture sector. In this regard, establishing a multi-sectoral institutional platform to focus on enhancing mutual coordination and combining collective actions is recommended as an important structural adjustment in the current extension system. To this end, facilitating roles of the public extension agency as the most influential actor of the existing extension network will be extremely significant.
 

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Expansion of communicational infrastructures and increase in grassroots’ access to media and cyberspace affect public’s needs, political participation and the citizens’ relationship with international, national and local political space. Nowdays[R1] , citizens in different countries have increased their awareness using communicational infrastructures and have spread out news and information in cyberspace and communicational media. They do not act passively in front of the other media like past , but they compare their life quality and legal freedoms with others by observing and evaluating the situation of their own country.  
In the late [R2] 2010, some protests were raised in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya and Syria that no one could anticipate them. The common point of these protests was their origin rooted in [R3] cyberspace. By dismantling Tunisia, Egypt and Libya’s governments and resignation of Yemen’s president, it can be expected that these movements can be spread in the Middle East, to other totalitarian governments of the region.
In the protests process in the region and in particular in Egypt and Tunisia, protesters used cyberspace to coordinate campaigns. The organizers of these  protests organizers [R4] in Egypt tried to take attention using devices that their audiences have, and shifted the leadership of protests from political parties and elites to the social networks.
The current study tires to answer this question using published documents and reports: In the framework of what process and under the effect of what factors cyberspace contributed to the formation of protests movements in Egypt?